MCB Definitive Feasibility Study confirms stronger economics
Released
Released
Announcement PDF
Level 5, 191 St. Georges Terrace, Perth WA 6000 PO Box 7059, Cloisters Square PO, Perth WA 6850
P: +61 2 8072 1400 E: info@celsiusresources.com.au W: celsiusresources.com
ASX/AIM RELEASE
23 January 2026
MCB Definitive Feasibility Study confirms
stronger economics
HIGHLIGHTS:
• The Definitive Feasibility Study (DFS) confirms a technically and
economically robust Maalinao-Caigutan-Biyog (MCB Project).
• Pre-tax NPV(8%) of US$1.3 billion (~A$1.98 billion) at an IRR of 31% and
Post-tax NPV (8%) of US$ 771 million (≈ AU$1.15 billion) at an IRR of 24% -
based on long range conservative copper and gold prices of $4.30/lb Cu and
US$3,000/oz Au for first nine years then $7.0 USD/lb Cu and $4,500 USD/oz
Au for the succeeding years.
• At current spot price of US$6.00/lb Cu and US$4500/oz Au, the Pre-tax
NPV(8%) increases to US$1.9 billion (~AU$2.9 billion) – IRR 42% Post-tax
NPV(8%) US$1.2 billion (≈ AU$1.8 billion) – IRR 34%.
• Large-scale, high-quality resource base, with a JORC (2012) compliant
Mineral Resource of 343 Mt and a Maiden Ore Reserve of 130.2 Mt,
underpinning a 35-year mine life.
• Early high-grade production profile, with mining of a high-grade core during
the first 10 years and an average C1 cash cost (net of by-product credits) of
US$0.41/lb Cu driving strong early cash flow and EBITDA of ~US$230
million per annum in Years 1–10.
• Established and scalable mining strategy, utilising sublevel open stoping
(“SLOS”) with paste backfill, decline access transitioning to a shaft and
hoisting system, supporting efficient long-term operations and the
company’s strong ESG Goals.
• Identified growth optionality, including potential throughput expansion to
approx.3.0 Mt/y, staged surface material recovery, and resource upside at
depth, which is not yet included in the base-case valuation.
___________________________________________________________________________
Celsius Resources Limited (“Celsius” or the” Company”) (ASX, AIM: CLA) is pleased to
announce the results of the Definitive Feasibility Study (“DFS”) for the Maalinao-Caigutan-Biyog
Copper-Gold Project (“Project” or “MCB”) which is held under its Philippine affiliate Company,
Makilala Mining Company., Inc. (“MMCI”). The MCB Project is owned and operated by MMCI
and Celsius has 40% working interest in MCB as Celsius conditionally agreed to transfer a 60%
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 2
working interest in the MCB Project to Sodor, Inc, subject to certain conditions, which remain
outstanding, as announced on 20 March 2023.
Celsius has reported, in accordance with the JORC Code (2012), a JORC-compliant Mineral
Resource totaling 343 Mt at 0.46% Cu and 0.12 g/t Au, containing approximately 1.6 Mt of
copper and 1.4 Moz of gold, and a Maiden Ore Reserve of 130.2 Mt at 0.66% Cu and 0.21 g/t
Au, containing approximately 856 kt of copper and 891 koz of gold. The Ore Reserve comprises
22.1 Mt of Proven Reserves and 108.2 Mt of Probable Reserves and underpins the long-term
development plan for the Project1
.
The DFS follows a scoping study announced in December 2021 and has been prepared with a
focus on optimising the underground mine plan, advancing the process plant design, refining
surface and underground infrastructure layouts, and developing tender-ready early work
packages. The selected mining method is sub-level open stoping, reflecting the geometry and
continuity of the mineralisation and prevailing geotechnical conditions. Ore will be processed
through a conventional crushing, grinding and flotation concentrator, producing a high-quality
copper-gold concentrate.
The DFS also sought to identify cost efficiencies across mining, processing, tailings
management, power supply and associated infrastructure. In parallel, additional geotechnical
and hydrogeological investigations were undertaken to refine design inputs, reduce technical
uncertainty, and support the Project’s development pathway in compliance with the JORC Code
(2012).
This announcement reflects the work undertaken by Ausenco2
(Lead Engineer, Process plant
and surface infrastructure capital and operating costs), DMT Consulting Limited3
(Mining),
MMCI, and their respective contractors and consultants, as described and referenced
throughout this release. It has been prepared for the information of stakeholders and the
broader investment community, both domestic and international, and to support ongoing
engagement with existing and prospective investors.
Celsius Executive Director, Neil Grimes said:
“The MCB Definitive Feasibility Study marks a significant milestone, positioning the MCB Project
as a leading near-term copper-gold development opportunity in the Philippines. The Study
demonstrates a technically robust and economically enhanced project, with competitive capital
intensity and operating costs. The Company is progressing funding and offtake discussions to
advance the Project toward a Final Investment Decision and construction.”
The table below summarises the key physical and financial outcomes of the DFS, which has been
completed to a Class 3 level of estimate accuracy (typically up to ±15%), consistent with industry
standards and suitable for project financing and execution planning. The outcomes are derived
from engineering and cost estimates developed predominantly on a first-principles basis,
supported by defined mine plans, process plant design, infrastructure layouts, execution
methodology and contractor benchmark inputs.
The table also highlights the economic significance of mining the high-grade core zone during
the initial 10 years of operation, which underpins the Project’s early cash flow profile and overall
economic robustness. Key technical and economic highlights are summarised as follows:
1
ASX/AIM announcements 24 November 2025 and 12 December 2025
2
ASX/AIM announcement 19 May 2025
3
ASX/AIM announcement 18 June 2025
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 3
• Pre-tax NPV(8%) of US$1.3 billion (~A$1.98 billion) and an IRR of 31% and Post-tax NPV
(8%) of US$ 771 Million (≈ A$1.15 billion) and an IRR of 24%, assuming copper and
gold prices of US$4.30/lb Cu and US$3000/oz Au for first nine years then US$7.0 /lb Cu
and US$4500/oz Au for the succeeding years.
• At current spot price of US$6.00/lb Cu and US$4500/oz Au, the Pre-tax NPV(8%)
increases to US$1.9 billion (~AU$2.9 billion) – IRR 42% Post-tax NPV(8%) US$1.2 billion
(≈ A$1.8 billion) – IRR 34%.
• C1 Cash Cost during the first 10 years average US$0.41/lb Cu and LOM average of
US$1.73/lb Cu, net of credits.
• CAPEX of US$276 Million which includes US$ 26.5 Million in contingency and US$15.1
Million in growth. This assumes a payback period of 4.7 years from start of production.
Table 1. Summary of Key Technical and Financial Outcomes
ITEM
PREFERRED CASE
FIRST 10 YEARS
PREFERRED CASE
LIFE OF MINE
Ore Mined 24.5 MT 89.7 MT
Copper Grade 1.08% 0.69%
Gold Grade 0.51 g/t 0.24 g/t
Copper Recovery 92.5% 89.7%
Gold Recovery 79.7% 72.6%
Mine Life 10 Years 35.3 Years
Process Plant Throughput 2.64 MTPA 2.64 MTPA
Average Annual Cu concentrate
production (dry) 102.5 kt 66.0 kt
Total Copper Recovered 542 Mlbs 1234 Mlbs
Total Gold Recovered 319 koz 507 koz
Copper Price for first 9 Years (assumed) US$4.3/lb US$4.3/lb
Copper Price for remaining years US$7.0 /lb US$7.0 /lb
Gold Price For First 9 Years (assumed) US$3,000 /oz US$3,000 /oz
Gold Price for remaining years US$4,500 /oz US$4,500 /oz
Initial Capital US$276 M US$276 M
NPV (Post tax;8%) US$444 M US$771 M
NPV (Pre Tax;8%) US$771M US$1.3 B
IRR (Pre-Tax) 28.5% 30.50%
IRR (Post Tax) 22.1% 24.10%
Payback from start of production 4.7 Years 4.7 Years
LOM C1 Cost US$0.41 /lb Cu US$1.73 /lb Cu
MMCI Chief Operations Officer Patrique Jane Duran said:
“The completion of the DFS represents a major milestone and value inflection point for the
MCB Copper-Gold Project, confirming it as a long-life, technically robust and finance-ready
underground operation with strong economics and a clear development plan. The DFS
validates more than a decade of technical work and provides a solid foundation for funding
execution, and long-term value creation.
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 4
Importantly, the DFS demonstrates a competitive cost structure, strong margins, and early
cash flow, from the substantial Ore Reserve and a disciplined, risk-managed development
strategy. Project optimisation prioritises operational efficiency and delivery certainty in the
early years, while reducing the overall environmental footprint and preserving flexibility as
infrastructure is established and the operation matures, thereby supporting both cost
performance and environmental outcomes.
With the DFS now complete, the Company is focused on advancing funding discussions,
finalising execution planning and progressing toward a Final Investment Decision.
Management believes the MCB Project is well positioned to deliver sustainable shareholder
returns and to become a significant new copper-gold producer in the Philippines, aligned
with responsible mining and ESG principles.”
MCB Copper-Gold Project Location
The MCB Project covers an area of 2500 Ha in the Cordillera Administrative Region in
the Philippines, approximately 320km north of Manila. The MCB Project is located in
Barangay Balatoc, Municipality of Pasil, Province of Kalinga. The Project area settlements
are generally small, compact and occupy a limited area within the main Barangay of
Balatoc. The closest major centre is the city of Tabuk which is approximately a 3-hour
drive from the Project location. (Figure 1).
The Mines and Geosciences Bureau (“MGB”) issued the Mineral Production Sharing
Agreement (“MPSA”) (MPSA-356-2024-CAR) to MMCI on 15 March 2024. The mining
permit covers an initial mine life of 25 years with the option for renewal for a further
25years4
.
4
ASX/AIM announcement 18 March 2024
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 5
Figure 1. Location of MCB Exploration Tenement area and associated drilling related to the
reported MRE.
Geology and Mineral Resource Estimate (“MRE”)
The MCB Project hosts a large-scale porphyry copper-gold deposit. The MRE, announced on 24
November 2025, is based on geological interpretation, surface mapping and 60 diamond drill
holes totaling 31,616.2 m completed by MMCI between 2006 and 2025.
Mineralisation is associated with a tonalite intrusive and its contact with surrounding mafic
volcanic host rocks and is controlled by a dominant north-east (~050°), near-vertical structural
fabric. Mineralized domains have been defined based on continuous copper-gold
mineralisation aligned with geological, structural and alteration controls. While minor
epithermal-style mineralisation occurs locally, the MRE is defined solely on a porphyry copper-
gold deposit model.
At depth, the system extends for up to 1 km along strike with true widths of up to 280 m, while
at shallower levels mineralisation is developed within multiple overlapping domains of up to 600
m strike length and 150 m true width.
The MRE has been reported at a 0.20% copper cut-off grade and classified as Measured,
Indicated and Inferred in accordance with the JORC Code (2012), based on drill spacing, sample
density and geological confidence.
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 6
Table 2. Summary results for the updated MRE at MCB at a cut-off grade of 0.20% copper5
.
Gross Net Attributable
Classification Domain
Tonnes
(Mt)
Copper
Grade
(%)
Gold Grade
(g/t)
Copper
Metal
(kt)
Gold
Metal
(koz)
Tonnes
(Mt)
Copper
Metal
(kt)
Gold
Metal
(koz)
Measured
Type
1HGV
13 1.15 0.50 145 202 5 58 81
Type
1HGH
4 0.72 0.10 32 14 2 13 6
Type 3LG 32 0.37 0.08 119 84 13 48 34
Totals 49 0.60 0.19 296 300 20 118 120
Indicated
Type
1HGV
48 0.66 0.28 316 433 19 126 173
Type
1HGH
11 0.79 0.12 83 41 4 33 16
Type 3LG 190 0.35 0.07 674 438 76 270 175
Totals 248 0.43 0.11 1,072 913 99 429 365
Inferred
Type
1HGV
19 0.50 0.12 94 72 8 38 29
Type
1HGH
0.1 0.80 0.14 0.5 0.3 0 0 0
Type 3LG 26 0.49 0.08 129 71 10 52 28
Totals 45 0.49 0.10 224 143 18 90 57
Total
Type
1HGV
79 0.70 0.28 554 708 32 222 283
Type
1HGH
15 0.77 0.11 115 55 6 46 22
Type 3LG 248 0.37 0.07 922 593 99 369 237
Totals 343 0.46 0.12 1,592 1,356 137 637 542
Note for table of results: Estimates have been rounded to the nearest Mt of ore, two significant figures for Cu and Au grade and to
the nearest kt of Cu metal and koz of Au metal. Some apparent errors may occur due to rounding. The MCB Project is an affiliate
company of Celsius and MMCI will be the operator of the MCB Project.
Mining Summary
The MCB Project is a long-life underground copper-gold operation with a current mine life of
35 years, based on the recently announced JORC Code (2012) compliant Ore Reserve6
(see
Table 3).
5
Refer to ASX/AIM announcement dated 24 November 2025 including the relevant Competent Person Statement
6
Refer to ASX/AIM announcement 12 December 2025 including the relevant Competent Person Statement
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 7
Table 3. MCB Project Ore Reserve Estimates.
Gross Net Attributable
Tonnes Copper
Grade
(%)
Gold
Grade
(g/t)
Copper
Equivalent
Grade (%)
Contained
Cu (t)
Contained
Au (oz)
Tonnes
Copper
Metal
(t)
Gold
Metal
(oz)
Proven 22,074,084 0.90 0.34 1.19 197,563 244,136 8,829,634 79,025 97,654
Probable 108,198,583 0.61 0.19 0.77 658,929 647,031 43,279,433 263,572 258,812
Total 130,272,667 0.66 0.21 0.84 856,492 891,167 52,109,067 342,597 356,467
Note for table of results: Estimates have been rounded to two significant figures for Cu and Au grade. Some apparent errors may
occur due to rounding. The MCB Project is an affiliate company of Celsius and MMCI will be the operator of the MCB Project.
The optimised 35-year mine plan schedules 90.0 Mt of Ore Reserve for extraction. The remaining
40.3 Mt of Ore Reserve has been sterilised under the current plan due to social boundary
constraints, including areas located beneath nearby communities and surface infrastructure
where underground access is currently limited.
Recovering this material would require significant additional underground development which,
under current assumptions, would reduce the project’s Net Present Value (“NPV”).
This material remains part of the declared Ore Reserve and may provide future value. Its
potential extraction will be considered in later phases of the operation, subject to mine plan
optimisation, community engagement, and confirmation of development access.
Mining will be undertaken using transverse SLOS with cemented paste backfill, a method well
suited to the orebody geometry and favourable geotechnical conditions. Initial access and early
production are established via a decline with truck haulage during the first three years, followed
by commissioning of a vertical shaft and hoisting system that becomes the primary material
handling system as the mine deepens to improve haulage efficiency, reduce operating costs,
and support higher production rates over the long term (refer Figure 2. Underground Mine
Design). The access strategy balances early cash flow with long-term operational efficiency and
reduced material handling distances.
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Figure 2. Image of stoping and decline development.
The base-case mining profile ramps up to approximately 2.28 Mt/y, increases to ~2.65 Mt/y for
the majority of the mine life, and provides flexibility to support a potential increase to ~3.0 Mt/y
from around Year 10, leveraging fully developed infrastructure to offset grade decline and
sustain metal production. Geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions are considered
manageable for long-term operations, and the Mineral Resource remains open at depth,
providing clear potential for future resource growth and mine life extension.
Metallurgy and Process Plant Summary
Metallurgical testwork undertaken by MMCI across multiple ore types and representative grade
ranges confirms supports forecast average recoveries of approximately 92.5% for copper and
79.7% for gold for years 1-10 into a saleable copper–gold concentrate7
. The process plant is
designed to treat underground run-of-mine sulphide ore at 2.28 Mt/y during Years 1–2,
increasing to ~2.65 Mt/y from Year 3 onward, with variability testwork indicating that blending
in the mine is required and planned for, and additional limited capital may be required to
manage locally harder basaltic ore. Ore mined by transverse SLOS is delivered to surface via the
shaft and winder system (via truck haulage in Year 1-3) and processed through a conventional
flowsheet comprising SSAG milling, rougher flotation, regrind, cleaner flotation and concentrate
dewatering. Tailings are either returned underground as paste backfill or placed in a dry-stack
area after Tailings filtration, supporting efficient and environmentally responsible operation.
7
ASX/AIM announcement 11 November 2025
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 9
Figure 3: Process plant, paste backfill plant and shaft/winder system supporting underground
ore delivery.
Non- Process Infrastructure
The non-process infrastructure (“NPI”) for the MCB Copper-Gold Project has been defined in
accordance with JORC Code (2012) to support safe, reliable and efficient construction and
operations over the full life of the Project. NPI comprises all facilities, utilities and services
required for mine and plant activities other than ore processing, including a consolidated site
layout, administration and accommodation facilities, medical facilities, workshops, warehousing,
laboratories, mine surface installations, and essential utilities such as power distribution, water
supply, wastewater treatment, fuel storage and communications. Supporting infrastructure also
includes site access and grid power connection arrangements designed to meet operational,
safety and regulatory requirements. Logistics and concentrate export infrastructure, including
transport corridors and off-site handling facilities, is incorporated into the Project execution plan
to ensure reliable year-round product shipment. All NPI elements have been sized based on the
defined construction and steady-state workforce, ensuring infrastructure is appropriately scaled
to support operations throughout the life of the Project.
Capital Cost Estimate
The capital cost estimate for the Project, excluding provisions for growth and contingency is USD
234.5 million. A growth provision of USD 15.1 million was added to the base estimate, in
accordance with Ausenco’s internal benchmarks and guidelines. A contingency provision of
USD 26.5 million, equivalent to 11.3% of the base estimate, was added based on the P50
estimate derived from a Monte Carlo assessment to account for estimating and project-specific
risks.
The capital cost estimate for the Project inclusive of growth and contingency is USD 276 million.
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 10
Table 4. Capital Cost Summary.
Key Areas
Value Exc.
Growth
USD M
Growth
USD M
Total Inc. Growth
USD M
Mining 30.8 0.7 31.5
Process Plant 74.0 7.2 81.2
Tailings Filtration & Handling 29.9 2.6 32.5
On Site Infrastructure 45.1 4.5 49.6
Off Site Infrastructure 20.7 0.0 20.7
Project Preliminaries 10.0 0.0 10.0
Project Delivery 10.3 0.0 10.3
Owner’s Costs 13.7 0.0 13.7
Sub-Total Excluding Contingency 234.5 15.1 249.5
Contingency 26.5 0.0 26.5
Total 261.0 15.1 276.1
Operating Cost Estimate
A summary of the average annual LOM operating costs is shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Operating Cost Summary and Cost Metrics.
Item USD
M/Year
USD/t
(mined)
Mining 48.8 18.9
Process 42.4 16.4
General and Administrative 4.9 1.9
Total OPEX 96.1 37.1
Operating cost estimates for the MCB Project were prepared by Ausenco on behalf of MMCI,
incorporating mining costs developed by DMT with owner’s general and administration costs
(G&A), power and fuel pricing provided by MMCI. The estimates have been developed to a
Class 3 accuracy (±15%).
Mining, reagents, paste backfill binder, and dry-stack tailings operating and sustaining capital
costs have all been derived on a first-principles basis, using defined mine plans, testwork-based
consumption rates, quoted material prices, contractor rates and fuel consumption.
Economic Evaluation
Strong project economics, delivering a post-tax NPV (8%) of US$771 million and a post-tax IRR
of 24.1%, with payback of 4.7 years from the commencement of operations.
Life-of-mine revenue of ~US$8.95 billion, with approximately 79% derived from payable copper
and the balance from gold credits, supporting margin stability.
Robust cash generation, with LOM EBITDA of ~US$5.1 Billion, averaging ~US$144.6 Million per
annum, and ~US$230 Million per annum during the first 10 years of production, reflecting early
mining of higher-grade ore.
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 11
Cash cost (C1) during the first 10 years average US$0.41/lb Cu and LOM average of US$1.73/lb
Cu, net of credits. While the life-of-mine all-in sustaining costs (“AISC”) of ~US$1.91/lb Cu after
gold credits. AISC represents the total cost of producing copper, including mining, processing,
site G&A, sustaining capital, royalties, transport and refining, providing a comprehensive
measure of operating margin and cost competitiveness.
Resilient economics, with sensitivity analysis indicating the Project is most sensitive to metal
prices and head grade, and comparatively less sensitive to operating and capital cost variations.
Figure 4: NPV Sensitivity Analysis of Key Assumptions. Figure 5: IRR Sensitivity Analysis of Key Assumptions.
The preferred case used an 8% real discount rate. Sensitivity to the discount rate is shown on
the table below:
Table 6: Pre-Tax and Post Tax Net Present Value results under different discount rates.
Discount Rate 8% 10% 12%
Post Tax NPV, M USD 772 568 416
Pre Tax NPV, M USD 1,323 1,005 768
Schedule Summary
The MCB Project is supported by a fully integrated engineering, procurement and construction
execution schedule, defining the development pathway from Final Investment Decision (“FID”)
targeted for Q1 2026 through to commissioning and first concentrate expected in Q2 and Q3
2028, respectively. Early works and detailed engineering commence immediately post-FID, with
process plant construction scheduled to start in Q1 2027 and progressive handover to
commissioning from Q2 2028, supporting an orderly start-up and ramp-up to steady-state
operations.
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 12
Figure 6: MCB Project DFS Execution Schedule (Quarterly).
Opportunities
In addition to the robust base case defined in the DFS, the MCB Project presents a number of
identified, non-base-case opportunities that have the potential to enhance production flexibility,
sustain output and improve overall Project value. These opportunities are incremental in nature,
leverage existing or planned infrastructure, and are not included in the current mine plan or
financial model, but provide optionality that may be evaluated and progressed as the Project
advances.
Surface Material Optionality
The current mine plan is underground-focused, and near-surface mineralisation was not
considered in the original mine planning. Weathered surface material exposed during slope
stabilisation and infrastructure works (particularly road works) has been identified as a potential
incremental mining opportunity and is within the Mineral Resource Estimate and Ore Reserve
Estimate but excluded from the base case mine plan and financial model. The material occurs
adjacent to internal road alignments and within areas affected by required site development
activities and therefore represents an opportunistic recovery option, rather than a change to the
core underground mining strategy.
The identified surface material comprises approximately 0.9 Mt at an average grade of 0.64%
Cu and 0.11 g/t Au, interpreted as predominantly transition-style mineralisation. Any potential
recovery would be staged and discretionary, providing ramp-up support or contingency feed,
and would not affect the early years of operation or the base life-of-mine schedule, preserving
flexibility while maintaining the robustness of the underground base case.
Potential Production Increase
The current mine plan aligns with the process plant ramp-up, achieving steady-state production
of 2.28 Mt/y during the initial operating period of three years, before increasing to 2.64 Mt/y for
the majority of the mine life as underground infrastructure is established. In the early years,
production rates are constrained by the progressive development of key capital infrastructure,
including haulage, ventilation and ore-handling systems. By approximately Year 10, the primary
underground infrastructure is fully developed, and operational constraints are materially
reduced. As higher-grade stopes are depleting and feed grades declining, the Project presents
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 13
a clear opportunity to increase ore throughput to sustain concentrate production and enhance
project value. Preliminary assessments indicate that, subject to further study, the existing
process plant primarily could support an increase to up to ~3.0 Mt/y, leveraging established
mine infrastructure and potential concentrator upgrades, while mineralisation remains open at
depth, providing additional long-term optionality.
Risk Management
Risk and opportunity management is an integral component of the DFS for the MCB Project and
embedded throughout the engineering and planning process. Structured risk assessments and
specialist reviews were used to inform mine design, site layout, execution strategy and early
works planning, resulting in engineering solutions that reduce risk exposure, improve
constructability and schedule confidence, and enhance project value.
A number of risks identified early in the study have been mitigated through design changes
incorporated into the DFS, while opportunities relating to mine optimisation, infrastructure
staging and operational flexibility have been captured and reflected in the capital estimate. At
completion of the DFS, the Project benefits from a clearly defined risk profile and a structured
framework for managing residual risks and opportunities, supported by detailed risk registers
and analysis.
Study Contributors
Ausenco served as the lead consultant for the DFS, managing and integrating the work
undertaken by MMCI and various third-party specialists as detailed in Table 6 below.
Table 7. Definitive Feasibility Study Contributors
Primary Contributor Scope
Ausenco Services Pty Ltd Process plant design, surface infrastructure and earthworks
design, capital cost estimation, operating cost estimation,
financial model compilation
Makilala Mining Company,
Inc.
Environmental, Social, Permitting, Operations and Owners and
Handover planning and General Administration. Financial Model
review and taxation, royalties, owners’ costs
DMT Consulting Pty Ltd Optimized Underground Mine Design, mine cost estimates,
JORC Compliant Ore Reserve Estimate
Brisbane Met Labs Metallurgical Test Work
BMECs Pty Ltd., Australia
(John Burgess)
Metallurgy and recovery models, Process plant design inputs
and review
Steven Olsen, CP Geology JORC Mineral Resource Estimate and Geology
Resource Development
Consultants Limited
Surface geotechnical report, Dry Stacking (tailings) area design,
Freshwater Intake Structure Design, GAF Retaining Wall Design
ALS Metallurgy Pty Ltd.,
Australia
Metallurgical Test Work (2021 DFS)
DMT Brisbane, Australia Paste Plant Technical Report
Metso Outotec Thickening and tailings filtration testwork (2021 and 2025 DFS)
ASX RELEASE | PAGE 14
Primary Contributor Scope
Quattro Project Engineering Backfill testwork
Compliance Statements
The Company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that relates to
previously reported Exploration Results, Ore Reserves and Mineral Resources at the MCB
Project. In respect of previously reported Mineral Resource Estimates dated 24 November 2022,
apart from additional data that has been used in the 24 November 2025 MRE update, all
originally reported material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates
continue to apply and have not been materially changed or qualified. The form and context in
which the relevant Competent Person’s findings are presented in ASX/AIM announcements
dated 24 November 2025 and 12 December 2025, have not been materially modified from the
original documents.
Competent Person Statement
Information in this report relating to the Ore Reserve Estimate is based on information compiled,
reviewed and assessed by the following Competent Persons: Mr. Steven Olsen (Geology) from
Global Geologica, Mr. John Burgess (Metallurgy) from BMECS Pty Ltd, Mr. Florian Beier (Mining)
From DMT, and Mr. Matt Pyle (Process Plant and on-site infrastructure capital and operating
costs) from Ausenco Australia, who are all Members of the Australasian Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy. Each is a consultant through their relevant companies to Makilala Mining Company,
Inc., an affiliate of Celsius Resources Limited, and has sufficient experience relevant to the style
of mineralisation, the type of deposit, and mining project under consideration, the activities
undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined by the 2012 Edition of the Australasian
Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC Code)
and to be considered as a Qualified Person for the purposes of the AIM Rules.
This ASX announcement and accompanying DFS have been prepared in compliance with the
current JORC Code (2012) and the ASX Listing Rules. All material assumptions on which the
forecast financial information are based have been included in the ASX announcement and
accompanying DFS.
Definitions
Term Definition
Cut-off Grade The minimum grade of a mineralised material considered economically
viable to process. For this announcement, a preferred lower cut-off grade of
0.2% copper has been applied, consistent with industry practice and
economic assumptions.
Dry-Stack Tailings Dry-stack tailings is a storage method where tailings are mechanically
dewatered to form a low-moisture, semi-solid cake that is transported,
placed, and compacted into a stable, stackable landform instead of being
st
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